"codicil" meaning in All languages combined

See codicil on Wiktionary

Noun [Catalan]

IPA: [ku.ðiˈsil] [Central], [ko.ðiˈsil] [Balearic, Valencia] Forms: codicils [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin codicillum. Etymology templates: {{bor+|ca|la|codicillum}} Borrowed from Latin codicillum Head templates: {{ca-noun|m}} codicil m (plural codicils)
  1. codicil Tags: masculine Derived forms: codicil·lar
    Sense id: en-codicil-ca-noun-pHJZ0fk4 Categories (other): Catalan entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Law

Noun [Dutch]

IPA: /ˌkoː.diˈsil/ Audio: Nl-codicil.ogg Forms: codicillen [plural], codicils [plural], codicilletje [diminutive, neuter]
Rhymes: -il Etymology: From Middle Dutch codicille, from Latin cōdicillus. Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|codicille}} Middle Dutch codicille, {{der|nl|la|cōdicillus}} Latin cōdicillus Head templates: {{nl-noun|n|-en,-s|+}} codicil n (plural codicillen or codicils, diminutive codicilletje n)
  1. codicil Tags: neuter Derived forms: donorcodicil
    Sense id: en-codicil-nl-noun-pHJZ0fk4 Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈkɒdɪsɪl/, /ˈkəʊdɪsɪl/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-codicil.wav Forms: codicils [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French codicille, from Latin cōdicillus, diminutive of cōdex. See code. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|frm|codicille}} Middle French codicille, {{uder|en|la|cōdicillus}} Latin cōdicillus Head templates: {{en-noun}} codicil (plural codicils)
  1. (law) An addition or supplement that explains, modifies, or revokes a will or part of one. Translations (addition made to a will): ܡܓܠܬܐ [Classical-Syriac, feminine] (Aramaic), codicil (Catalan), codicil [neuter] (Dutch), bijvoegsel [neuter] (Dutch), aanhangsel [neuter] (Dutch), kodicilo (Esperanto), codicille [masculine] (French), codicilo [masculine] (Galician), kodicilo (Ido), codicillo [masculine] (Italian), cōdicillus [masculine] (Latin), co-screeuyn çhymnee [masculine, plural] (Manx), kodycyl [masculine] (Polish), codicilo [masculine] (Portuguese), кодици́л (kodicíl) [masculine] (Russian), кодици́лл (kodicíll) [masculine] (Russian), codicilo [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-codicil-en-noun-HQzThn7J Categories (other): Law, Classical Syriac terms with redundant script codes, English entries with incorrect language header, English undefined derivations, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Portuguese translations Disambiguation of Classical Syriac terms with redundant script codes: 42 29 26 3 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 41 33 22 4 Disambiguation of English undefined derivations: 32 35 24 10 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 32 35 23 10 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 36 34 24 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 36 31 29 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 32 37 26 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 22 40 34 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 31 37 27 5 Topics: law Disambiguation of 'addition made to a will': 44 22 34
  2. An addition or supplement modifying any official document, such as a treaty.
    Sense id: en-codicil-en-noun-MJNQIRD- Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English undefined derivations, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Classical Syriac translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Manx translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 41 33 22 4 Disambiguation of English undefined derivations: 32 35 24 10 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 32 35 23 10 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 36 34 24 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 36 31 29 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 32 37 26 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Classical Syriac translations: 29 41 29 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 27 38 26 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 30 38 27 5 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 27 38 27 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 26 40 28 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 22 40 34 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 27 39 29 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 26 40 28 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Manx translations: 30 38 27 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 27 39 26 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 31 37 27 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 26 40 28 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 29 40 24 6
  3. (by extension) Any appendix or addition. Tags: broadly
    Sense id: en-codicil-en-noun-s8jGsKVo Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English undefined derivations, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Portuguese translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 41 33 22 4 Disambiguation of English undefined derivations: 32 35 24 10 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 32 35 23 10 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 36 34 24 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 36 31 29 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 32 37 26 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 22 40 34 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 31 37 27 5
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: codicillary

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈkɒdɪsɪl/, /ˈkəʊdɪsɪl/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-codicil.wav Forms: codicils [present, singular, third-person], codiciling [US, participle, present], codicilling [UK, participle, present], codiciled [US, participle, past], codiciled [US, past], codicilled [UK, participle, past], codicilled [UK, past]
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French codicille, from Latin cōdicillus, diminutive of cōdex. See code. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|frm|codicille}} Middle French codicille, {{uder|en|la|cōdicillus}} Latin cōdicillus Head templates: {{en-verb|+l}} codicil (third-person singular simple present codicils, present participle (US) codiciling or (UK) codicilling, simple past and past participle (US) codiciled or (UK) codicilled)
  1. (ergative) To add a codicil (to). Tags: ergative
    Sense id: en-codicil-en-verb-VrV2HRIa

Noun [Romanian]

Etymology: Borrowed from French codicille, from Latin codicillus. Etymology templates: {{bor+|ro|fr|codicille}} Borrowed from French codicille, {{der|ro|la|codicillus}} Latin codicillus Head templates: {{ro-noun|n|codicile}} codicil n (plural codicile) Inflection templates: {{ro-decl-noun|gpd=codicilelor|gpi=codicile|gsd=codicilului|gsi=codicil|n=|npd=codicilele|npi=codicile|nsd=codicilul|nsi=codicil|vp=codicilelor|vs=codicilule}} Forms: codicile [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], codicil [accusative, indefinite, nominative, singular], codicilul [accusative, definite, nominative, singular], codicile [accusative, indefinite, nominative, plural], codicilele [accusative, definite, nominative, plural], codicil [dative, genitive, indefinite, singular], codicilului [dative, definite, genitive, singular], codicile [dative, genitive, indefinite, plural], codicilelor [dative, definite, genitive, plural], codicilule [singular, vocative], codicilelor [plural, vocative]
  1. codicil Tags: neuter
    Sense id: en-codicil-ro-noun-pHJZ0fk4 Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Romanian entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "codicillary"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "codicille"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French codicille",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cōdicillus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cōdicillus",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French codicille, from Latin cōdicillus, diminutive of cōdex. See code.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "codicils",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "codicil (plural codicils)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "en:Law",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 29 26 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Classical Syriac terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
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          "_dis": "31 37 27 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An addition or supplement that explains, modifies, or revokes a will or part of one."
      ],
      "id": "en-codicil-en-noun-HQzThn7J",
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "addition",
          "addition"
        ],
        [
          "supplement",
          "supplement"
        ],
        [
          "explain",
          "explain"
        ],
        [
          "modifies",
          "modify"
        ],
        [
          "revoke",
          "revoke"
        ],
        [
          "will",
          "will"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(law) An addition or supplement that explains, modifies, or revokes a will or part of one."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "syc",
          "lang": "Aramaic",
          "lang_code": "syc",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "tags": [
            "Classical-Syriac",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ܡܓܠܬܐ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "word": "codicil"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "codicil"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "bijvoegsel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "aanhangsel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "lang_code": "eo",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "word": "kodicilo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "codicille"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "lang_code": "gl",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "codicilo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "lang_code": "io",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "word": "kodicilo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "codicillo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cōdicillus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "gv",
          "lang": "Manx",
          "lang_code": "gv",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "co-screeuyn çhymnee"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kodycyl"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "codicilo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "kodicíl",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "кодици́л"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "kodicíll",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "кодици́лл"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "44 22 34",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "addition made to a will",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "codicilo"
        }
      ]
    },
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          "_dis": "32 35 24 10",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 37 26 5",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 41 29 1",
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        {
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          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 40 28 6",
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
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        {
          "_dis": "31 37 27 5",
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 40 28 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 40 24 6",
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          "parents": [],
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        }
      ],
      "examples": [
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          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              66,
              73
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2004, Barbara Alice Mann, “The Greenville Treaty of 1795: Pen-and-Ink Witchcraft in the Struggle for the Old Northwest”, in Bruce E. Johansen, editor, Enduring Legacies: Native American Treaties and Contemporary Controversies, Praeger, page 155:",
          "text": "So insistent was this demand that the Wyandot actually received a codicil to the treaty […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              163,
              170
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2023 January 26, Christopher Caldwell, “It’s Anyone’s Guess What Will Happen in Northern Ireland in the Next 12 Weeks”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
          "text": "Those loose ends were tied up in a little-understood clarification of Brexit called the Northern Ireland protocol, ratified in January 2020. It looked like a mere codicil three years ago; now it looks like a serious diplomatic blunder that could threaten Britain’s territory and the region’s peace.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An addition or supplement modifying any official document, such as a treaty."
      ],
      "id": "en-codicil-en-noun-MJNQIRD-",
      "links": [
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ],
        [
          "treaty",
          "treaty"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
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        },
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 37 26 5",
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ido translations",
          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 37 27 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
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          ],
          "ref": "2004, Alan Hollinghurst, The Line of Beauty […], 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 378:",
          "text": "If Nick answered a question Wani listened to him and then gave a flat little codicil or correction.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any appendix or addition."
      ],
      "id": "en-codicil-en-noun-s8jGsKVo",
      "links": [
        [
          "appendix",
          "appendix"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension) Any appendix or addition."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɒdɪsɪl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkəʊdɪsɪl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-codicil.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-codicil.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-codicil.wav.mp3",
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    }
  ],
  "word": "codicil"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "codicille"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French codicille",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cōdicillus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cōdicillus",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French codicille, from Latin cōdicillus, diminutive of cōdex. See code.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "codicils",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codiciling",
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilling",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codiciled",
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codiciled",
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilled",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilled",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+l"
      },
      "expansion": "codicil (third-person singular simple present codicils, present participle (US) codiciling or (UK) codicilling, simple past and past participle (US) codiciled or (UK) codicilled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To add a codicil (to)."
      ],
      "id": "en-codicil-en-verb-VrV2HRIa",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ergative) To add a codicil (to)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ergative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɒdɪsɪl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkəʊdɪsɪl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-codicil.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-codicil.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-codicil.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-codicil.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-codicil.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "codicil"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "codicillum"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin codicillum",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin codicillum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "codicils",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "codicil m (plural codicils)",
      "name": "ca-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ca",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "ca:Law",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "codicil·lar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "codicil"
      ],
      "id": "en-codicil-ca-noun-pHJZ0fk4",
      "links": [
        [
          "codicil",
          "codicil#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ku.ðiˈsil]",
      "tags": [
        "Central"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko.ðiˈsil]",
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Valencia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "codicil"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "codicille"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch codicille",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cōdicillus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cōdicillus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch codicille, from Latin cōdicillus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "codicillen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicils",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilletje",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "-en,-s",
        "3": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "codicil n (plural codicillen or codicils, diminutive codicilletje n)",
      "name": "nl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "co",
        "di",
        "cil"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "donorcodicil"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "codicil"
      ],
      "id": "en-codicil-nl-noun-pHJZ0fk4",
      "links": [
        [
          "codicil",
          "codicil#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌkoː.diˈsil/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-codicil.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/Nl-codicil.ogg/Nl-codicil.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Nl-codicil.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-il"
    }
  ],
  "word": "codicil"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "codicille"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from French codicille",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "codicillus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin codicillus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French codicille, from Latin codicillus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "codicile",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicile",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilele",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicile",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilelor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilelor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "codicile"
      },
      "expansion": "codicil n (plural codicile)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "gpd": "codicilelor",
        "gpi": "codicile",
        "gsd": "codicilului",
        "gsi": "codicil",
        "n": "",
        "npd": "codicilele",
        "npi": "codicile",
        "nsd": "codicilul",
        "nsi": "codicil",
        "vp": "codicilelor",
        "vs": "codicilule"
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "codicil"
      ],
      "id": "en-codicil-ro-noun-pHJZ0fk4",
      "links": [
        [
          "codicil",
          "codicil#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "codicil"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "codicil·lar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "codicillum"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin codicillum",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin codicillum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "codicils",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "codicil m (plural codicils)",
      "name": "ca-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Catalan countable nouns",
        "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
        "Catalan lemmas",
        "Catalan masculine nouns",
        "Catalan nouns",
        "Catalan terms borrowed from Latin",
        "Catalan terms derived from Latin",
        "Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "ca:Law"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "codicil"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "codicil",
          "codicil#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ku.ðiˈsil]",
      "tags": [
        "Central"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko.ðiˈsil]",
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Valencia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "codicil"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "donorcodicil"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "codicille"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch codicille",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cōdicillus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cōdicillus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch codicille, from Latin cōdicillus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "codicillen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicils",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilletje",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "-en,-s",
        "3": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "codicil n (plural codicillen or codicils, diminutive codicilletje n)",
      "name": "nl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "co",
        "di",
        "cil"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
        "Dutch lemmas",
        "Dutch neuter nouns",
        "Dutch nouns",
        "Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
        "Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
        "Dutch terms derived from Latin",
        "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
        "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:Dutch/il"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "codicil"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "codicil",
          "codicil#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌkoː.diˈsil/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-codicil.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/Nl-codicil.ogg/Nl-codicil.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Nl-codicil.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-il"
    }
  ],
  "word": "codicil"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Classical Syriac terms with redundant script codes",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Middle French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English undefined derivations",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Classical Syriac translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Manx translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "codicillary"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "codicille"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French codicille",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cōdicillus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cōdicillus",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French codicille, from Latin cōdicillus, diminutive of cōdex. See code.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "codicils",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "codicil (plural codicils)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Law"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An addition or supplement that explains, modifies, or revokes a will or part of one."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "addition",
          "addition"
        ],
        [
          "supplement",
          "supplement"
        ],
        [
          "explain",
          "explain"
        ],
        [
          "modifies",
          "modify"
        ],
        [
          "revoke",
          "revoke"
        ],
        [
          "will",
          "will"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(law) An addition or supplement that explains, modifies, or revokes a will or part of one."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              66,
              73
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2004, Barbara Alice Mann, “The Greenville Treaty of 1795: Pen-and-Ink Witchcraft in the Struggle for the Old Northwest”, in Bruce E. Johansen, editor, Enduring Legacies: Native American Treaties and Contemporary Controversies, Praeger, page 155:",
          "text": "So insistent was this demand that the Wyandot actually received a codicil to the treaty […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              163,
              170
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2023 January 26, Christopher Caldwell, “It’s Anyone’s Guess What Will Happen in Northern Ireland in the Next 12 Weeks”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
          "text": "Those loose ends were tied up in a little-understood clarification of Brexit called the Northern Ireland protocol, ratified in January 2020. It looked like a mere codicil three years ago; now it looks like a serious diplomatic blunder that could threaten Britain’s territory and the region’s peace.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An addition or supplement modifying any official document, such as a treaty."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ],
        [
          "treaty",
          "treaty"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              77,
              84
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2004, Alan Hollinghurst, The Line of Beauty […], 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 378:",
          "text": "If Nick answered a question Wani listened to him and then gave a flat little codicil or correction.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any appendix or addition."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "appendix",
          "appendix"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension) Any appendix or addition."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɒdɪsɪl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkəʊdɪsɪl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-codicil.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-codicil.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-codicil.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-codicil.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-codicil.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "syc",
      "lang": "Aramaic",
      "lang_code": "syc",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Syriac",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ܡܓܠܬܐ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "word": "codicil"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "codicil"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "bijvoegsel"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "aanhangsel"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "word": "kodicilo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "codicille"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "codicilo"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "lang_code": "io",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "word": "kodicilo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "codicillo"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cōdicillus"
    },
    {
      "code": "gv",
      "lang": "Manx",
      "lang_code": "gv",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "co-screeuyn çhymnee"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kodycyl"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "codicilo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "kodicíl",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "кодици́л"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "kodicíll",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "кодици́лл"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "addition made to a will",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "codicilo"
    }
  ],
  "word": "codicil"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Classical Syriac terms with redundant script codes",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Middle French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English undefined derivations",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Classical Syriac translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Manx translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "codicille"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French codicille",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cōdicillus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cōdicillus",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French codicille, from Latin cōdicillus, diminutive of cōdex. See code.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "codicils",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codiciling",
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilling",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codiciled",
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codiciled",
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilled",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilled",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+l"
      },
      "expansion": "codicil (third-person singular simple present codicils, present participle (US) codiciling or (UK) codicilling, simple past and past participle (US) codiciled or (UK) codicilled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English ergative verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To add a codicil (to)."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ergative) To add a codicil (to)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ergative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɒdɪsɪl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkəʊdɪsɪl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-codicil.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-codicil.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-codicil.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-codicil.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-codicil.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "codicil"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "codicille"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from French codicille",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "codicillus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin codicillus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French codicille, from Latin codicillus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "codicile",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicile",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilele",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicile",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilelor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "codicilelor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "codicile"
      },
      "expansion": "codicil n (plural codicile)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "gpd": "codicilelor",
        "gpi": "codicile",
        "gsd": "codicilului",
        "gsi": "codicil",
        "n": "",
        "npd": "codicilele",
        "npi": "codicile",
        "nsd": "codicilul",
        "nsi": "codicil",
        "vp": "codicilelor",
        "vs": "codicilule"
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Romanian countable nouns",
        "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Romanian lemmas",
        "Romanian neuter nouns",
        "Romanian nouns",
        "Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
        "Romanian terms borrowed from French",
        "Romanian terms derived from French",
        "Romanian terms derived from Latin"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "codicil"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "codicil",
          "codicil#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "codicil"
}

Download raw JSONL data for codicil meaning in All languages combined (13.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (cdfa371 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.